[Function and disease in manganese]

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Nutritional Science
• Toxicology

Background:

• Manganese, originating from the Greek word "Magnesia," is a crucial metal with diverse metabolic roles.
• Its essentiality was established in 1931, highlighting its impact on growth and reproduction.
• Both deficiency and toxicity of manganese present significant health concerns for animals and humans.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the current understanding of manganese nutrition.
• To review the metabolism of manganese in biological systems.
• To elucidate the metabolic functions influenced by manganese.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of manganese essentiality studies.
• Analysis of research on manganese deficiency symptoms.
• Compilation of data on manganese toxicity and health hazards.

Main Results:

• Manganese deficiency leads to impaired growth, reproduction, ataxia, skeletal abnormalities, and metabolic disorders.
• Manganese toxicity poses health risks to both animals and humans.
• The study provides a comprehensive overview of manganese's role in metabolism.

Conclusions:

• Manganese is indispensable for normal physiological functions.
• Maintaining appropriate manganese levels is critical to prevent deficiency and toxicity.
• Further research into manganese metabolism and function is warranted.