Recent progress of sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis (2014-2016)

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Separation Science
• Electrophoresis

Background:

• Sample stacking is integral to Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (CZE).
• These techniques concentrate diluted analytes into narrow zones.
• This concentration significantly enhances method sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of electrophoretic sample stacking techniques.
• To survey literature published from Q2 2014 to Q1 2016.
• To organize reviewed methods based on their underlying principles.

Main Methods:

• Review of published scientific papers on electrophoretic sample stacking.
• Categorization of techniques based on concentration adjustment principles (e.g., Kohlrausch stacking).
• Inclusion of methods based on pH changes, micellar techniques, and other stacking approaches.

Main Results:

• A survey of recent advancements in electrophoretic sample stacking.
• Classification of stacking techniques including Kohlrausch stacking, pH-based, and micellar methods.
• Identification of key trends and developments in the field during the review period.

Conclusions:

• Electrophoretic sample stacking is a crucial tool for enhancing CZE sensitivity.
• Diverse stacking strategies offer flexibility in analyte preconcentration.
• Continued research in sample stacking promises further improvements in electrophoretic separations.