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Splenic Rupture in Chronic Lymphoid Disorders: Possible Role of Opportunistic Infections.

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Severe infections may trigger spleen rupture in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders like chronic lymphocytic leukemia and hairy cell leukemia, leading to splenomegaly. This rare complication highlights the critical role of infection in splenic events.

Keywords:
Candida tropicalisChronic lymphocytic leukemiaSalmonella Dublinhairy cell leukemiasplenic rupture

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Lymphoproliferative disorders, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and hairy cell leukemia (HCL), can cause splenomegaly.
  • Splenic rupture is a rare but serious complication in patients with these hematologic malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report two cases of spontaneous splenic rupture in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders.
  • To investigate the potential role of severe systemic infections in precipitating splenic rupture in this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • Case report analysis of two patients diagnosed with lymphoproliferative disorders.
  • Review of clinical presentation, disease course, and causative agents of associated infections.

Main Results:

  • Two patients, one with CLL and one with HCL, experienced spontaneous splenic rupture.
  • Splenic rupture occurred during severe, atypical systemic infections: Salmonella Dublin in the CLL patient and Candida tropicalis in the HCL patient.

Conclusions:

  • Severe systemic infections may be a critical factor in the development of splenic rupture in patients with splenomegaly due to lymphoproliferative disorders.
  • Clinicians should be vigilant for splenic complications in patients with hematologic malignancies, especially during infectious episodes.