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Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration in Patients with a Previous History of Biliary Tract Surgery
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1Mila Pak, PhD, CRNA, is Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist, Orlando VA Medical Center, Orlando, Florida. Glenda Lindseth, PhD, RN, FAAN, FADA, is Professor of Nursing, Department of Nursing, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota.
Gallstone disease affects millions, with rising prevalence and significant costs. Identifying risk factors is crucial for prevention and patient education.
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