Decompression Sickness: An Update

Area of Science:

• Physiology
• Biomedical Science
• Diving Medicine

Background:

• Decompression sickness (DCS) was historically viewed primarily as a physical phenomenon of bubble formation.
• Recent research has shifted focus to the physiological and physicochemical aspects underlying DCS and bubble formation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review significant advancements in the understanding and treatment of decompression sickness.
• To highlight key developments that have reshaped the study of DCS over the past two decades.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of key developments in DCS research.
• Discussion of four pivotal areas: microcirculation and hydration, asymptomatic bubble formation, pharmacological influences, and animal modeling.

Main Results:

• Recognition of hydration and microcirculation flow as critical factors in DCS.
• Documentation of intravascular bubble formation even in asymptomatic decompressions.
• Identification of pharmacological agents that can modulate DCS.
• Development of an animal model for studying spinal cord DCS.

Conclusions:

• The understanding of DCS has significantly advanced beyond simple physical bubbling.
• Future research and treatment of DCS will likely emphasize pharmacological interventions.
• A comprehensive approach integrating physiological and pharmacological factors is crucial for managing DCS.