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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
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RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

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Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
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Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Aptamer-Based Target Detection Facilitated by a 3-Stage G-Quadruplex Isothermal Exponential Amplification Reaction
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Aptamer-Based Target Detection Facilitated by a 3-Stage G-Quadruplex Isothermal Exponential Amplification Reaction

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Structure and target interaction of a G-quadruplex RNA-aptamer.

Kristina Szameit1, Katharina Berg1, Sven Kruspe1

  • 1a Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Hamburg , Germany.

RNA Biology
|July 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

G-quadruplex aptamers targeting the human interleukin-6 receptor (hIL-6R) show potential for treating inflammatory diseases and cancer. Research reveals their complex structures and binding mechanisms, offering new therapeutic avenues.

Keywords:
AptamersG-quadruplexesSAXSinterleukin-6 receptormolecular modelingprotein-RNA interaction

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Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
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Area of Science:

  • Nucleic acid chemistry
  • Structural biology
  • Therapeutic aptamer development

Background:

  • G-quadruplexes are evolving from structural motifs to key gene regulators.
  • Aptamers forming G-quadruplexes offer targeted therapy potential due to stability and specificity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structure and target interaction of AIR-3 and AIR-3A RNA aptamers.
  • To resolve RNA structure, global shape, interaction sites, and binding stoichiometry with hIL-6R.

Main Methods:

  • RNA structure probing
  • Small Angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)
  • Microscale thermophoresis (MST)
  • Mass spectrometry
  • Molecular modeling and docking

Main Results:

  • AIR-3 and AIR-3A exhibit a wider range of folding species than previously assumed.
  • These aptamers demonstrate significant tolerance to various modifications.
  • Binding site analysis suggests a general G-quadruplex affinity for the human interleukin-6 receptor (hIL-6R).

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the structural and binding characteristics of G-quadruplex aptamers targeting hIL-6R.
  • Findings support the therapeutic potential of these aptamers in inflammatory diseases and cancer treatment.