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Onychotillomania: An underrecognized disorder.

Evan A Rieder1, Antonella Tosti2

  • 1Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|July 31, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Onychotillomania is a rare nail disorder where patients repeatedly manipulate their nail unit, causing varied physical and histopathological changes. Diagnosis relies on clinical history, guiding treatment toward behavioral and psychiatric interventions.

Keywords:
habit tic deformitynail diseasesnail-picking disordernailsonychotillomaniaonychotillophagia

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Psychiatry
  • Nail Disorders

Background:

  • Onychotillomania is an uncommon condition involving repetitive self-manipulation of the nail unit.
  • It often presents with nonspecific nail plate morphology and damage to the nail bed and surrounding skin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the characteristics of onychotillomania.
  • To highlight the importance of clinical history in diagnosis.
  • To suggest potential treatment avenues.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and histopathological findings associated with onychotillomania.
  • Emphasis on diagnostic criteria derived from patient history.

Main Results:

  • Onychotillomania results in diverse, nonspecific nail and periungual skin abnormalities.
  • Histopathological changes can resemble cutaneous conditions like lichen simplex chronicus.
  • Clinical history is paramount for accurate diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of onychotillomania necessitates a thorough clinical evaluation.
  • Treatment strategies may incorporate behavioral therapies and psychiatric medications.
  • Further research is needed due to its underreported nature.