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Orofacial Movement Disorders.

Glenn T Clark1, Saravanan Ram2

  • 1Orofacial Pain Graduate Residency Program, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0641, USA.

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|August 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Orofacial movement disorders (OMDs) significantly impact quality of life. Botulinum toxin injections, often combined with medications, offer the most effective OMD management, with surgery as a final option.

Keywords:
BruxismDrug-induced extrapyramidal reactionsOrofacial dyskinesiaOrofacial dystoniaTardive dyskinesia

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Orofacial movement disorders (OMDs) encompass conditions like dystonia, dyskinesia, drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions, and bruxism.
  • These disorders frequently lead to disability, affecting chewing, speech, and social interactions, thereby diminishing patients' quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, and management strategies for orofacial movement disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on orofacial movement disorders.
  • Detailed description of diagnostic criteria and clinical presentations.
  • Analysis of current therapeutic approaches, including pharmacological, interventional, and surgical options.

Main Results:

  • Orofacial movement disorders present with diverse symptoms, including pain, dysphagia, dysarthria, sialorrhea, and social embarrassment.
  • Botulinum toxin injections are identified as a highly effective treatment modality for OMDs.
  • Combination therapy with medications and botulinum toxin injections often yields optimal outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of orofacial movement disorders requires a multi-faceted approach tailored to individual patient needs.
  • Botulinum toxin injections represent a cornerstone of OMD treatment, offering significant symptomatic relief.
  • Surgical interventions are reserved for refractory cases unresponsive to conservative and interventional therapies.