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First in situ TOF-PET study using digital photon counters for proton range verification.

P Cambraia Lopes1, J Bauer, A Salomon

  • 1Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands. Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, Coimbra, Portugal. Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Heidelberg University Clinic, Heidelberg, Germany.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study tested a new time-of-flight Positron Emission Tomography (TOF-PET) system for monitoring particle therapy. The system accurately measured proton-induced activity, showing TOF-PET

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Nuclear Physics
  • Particle Therapy

Background:

  • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is crucial for monitoring particle therapy.
  • Optimal PET use in proton therapy requires in situ acquisition of the (15)O signal.
  • Short-lived isotopes and biological washout necessitate efficient PET imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of a scaled-down, in situ time-of-flight (TOF) PET system for particle therapy monitoring.
  • To assess the system's ability to acquire quantitative data under clinical constraints.
  • To compare reconstructed activity maps with simulations and investigate radionuclide contributions.

Main Methods:

  • Performance tests of a digital photon counter (DPC)-based TOF-PET system using LYSO:Ce crystals.
  • Acquisition of proton-induced activity in PMMA and PE phantoms during and after irradiation.
  • Comparison of 3D activity maps (with/without TOF) to FLUKA simulations.
  • Analysis of time-dependent count rates and activity depth-profiles.

Main Results:

  • The TOF-PET system demonstrated its capability to acquire quantitative data within clinical spatial constraints.
  • TOF information effectively reduced limited-angle artifacts, with a coincidence resolving time of 382 ps.
  • Good agreement was observed between simulated and measured activity depth-profiles for post-beam acquisitions.
  • In-beam acquisitions suggested underestimation of (10)C production cross-sections in simulations.

Conclusions:

  • The DPC-based TOF-PET prototype shows promise for in situ treatment monitoring in particle therapy.
  • TOF-PET significantly improves image quality by mitigating artifacts.
  • Further refinement of nuclear cross-section data is needed for accurate in-beam activity predictions.