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Visual Function of Moderately Hyperopic 4- and 5-Year-Old Children in the Vision in Preschoolers - Hyperopia in

Elise B Ciner1, Marjean Taylor Kulp2, Maureen G Maguire3

  • 1Pennsylvania College of Optometry at Salus University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania.

American Journal of Ophthalmology
|August 2, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Preschool children with uncorrected moderate hyperopia (≥3.0 D to ≤6.0 D) showed significantly reduced visual acuity, accommodative response, and stereoacuity compared to emmetropic peers. Higher hyperopia levels posed the greatest risk for visual function deficits.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Optometry
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Early visual development is crucial for academic success.
  • Undetected refractive errors like hyperopia can impact visual function.
  • Preschool screening for visual impairments is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare visual performance in emmetropic and uncorrected moderately hyperopic preschool children.
  • To identify specific visual functions affected by hyperopia in young children.
  • To assess the risk associated with different levels of hyperopia.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 4-5 year old children.
  • Cycloplegic autorefraction to determine refractive status (hyperopic: ≥3.0 D to ≤6.0 D).
  • Assessed uncorrected visual acuity (VA), accommodative response, and stereoacuity.

Main Results:

  • Hyperopic children had significantly poorer distance and near visual acuity compared to emmetropes.
  • Reduced accommodative response and stereoacuity were observed in hyperopic children.
  • The average number of reduced visual functions was higher in hyperopic children (1.0 vs 0.19).

Conclusions:

  • Moderate uncorrected hyperopia significantly impairs VA, accommodation, and stereoacuity in preschoolers.
  • Children with higher hyperopia (≥4.0 D) faced the highest risk.
  • Over half of children with lower hyperopia (≥3.0 D to <4.0 D) also showed functional deficits.
Abstract

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