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Synergies between assisted reproduction technologies and functional genomics
Pasqualino Loi1, Paola Toschi2, Federica Zacchini2,3
1Laboratory of Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy. ploi@unite.it.
Genetics, Selection, Evolution : GSE
|August 3, 2016
Summary
Advanced reproductive technologies in farm animals, like in vitro fertilization and cloning, still face epigenetic challenges. Whole-genome analyses and genome editing offer solutions to improve embryo development and accelerate genetic gains in livestock.
Area of Science:
- Animal Science
- Reproductive Biotechnology
- Genomics
Background:
- Advanced reproductive technologies (ARTs) in farm animals, including in vitro embryo production and cloning, are crucial for genetic improvement.
- Persistent challenges, particularly epigenetic mis-programming, have been observed in offspring derived from these ARTs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current state of advanced reproductive technologies in farm animals.
- To discuss the limiting factors in ARTs, focusing on epigenetic issues.
- To explore the potential of genomic analyses and genome editing for improving farm animal biotechnologies.
Main Methods:
- Synopsis of existing literature on farm animal ARTs.
- Analysis of studies on offspring from in vitro-produced and cloned embryos.
- Discussion of whole-genome analyses (methylome, transcriptome) and genome editing techniques.
Main Results:
- Epigenetic mis-programming issues persist in assisted reproduction technologies.
- Whole-genome analyses are vital for understanding and improving embryo development.
- Genome editing presents opportunities for enhancing economically relevant traits.
Conclusions:
- Despite advancements, epigenetic reprogramming remains a challenge in farm animal ARTs.
- Integrating whole-genome analyses and genome editing can significantly enhance embryo biotechnologies.
- These technologies are key to accelerating genetic improvement strategies in livestock.
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