Bacteriocins: Not Only Antibacterial Agents

This commentary was aimed at shedding light on the multifunction of bacteriocins mainly those produced by lactic acid bacteria. These antibacterial agents were first used to improve food safety and quality. With the increasing antibiotic resistance concern worldwide, they have been considered as viable agents to replace or potentiate the fading abilities of conventional antibiotics to control human pathogens. Bacteriocins were also shown to have potential as antiviral agents, plant protection agents, and anticancer agents. Bacteriocins were reported to be involved in shaping bacterial communities through inter- and intra-specific interactions, conferring therefore to producing strains a probiotic added value. Furthermore, bacteriocins recently were shown as molecules with a fundamental impact on the resilience and virulence of some pathogens.