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Shunt Lesions Part I: Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Atrial Septal Defect, Ventricular Septal Defect, and Atrioventricular

Carl L Backer1, Osama Eltayeb, Michael C Mongé

  • 11Division of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL. 2Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. 3Division of Cardiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL. 4Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine : a Journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies
|August 5, 2016
PubMed

Insights

This review covers common congenital heart defects like patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and septal defects, detailing their pathophysiology and perioperative care. Current management strategies lead to very good treatment outcomes for these left-to-right shunts.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

  • Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) are the most prevalent congenital cardiac lesions.
  • These defects are characterized by a left-to-right shunt and often necessitate intervention.
  • Understanding their pathophysiology is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the pathophysiology of four common congenital heart defects.
  • To summarize the perioperative management strategies for PDA, ASD, VSD, and AVSD.
  • To highlight management nuances and potential complications associated with interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review utilizing MEDLINE and PubMed databases.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on the pathophysiology and clinical management of the specified congenital heart defects.
  • Analysis of perioperative care, intervention strategies, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The review consolidates information on the pathophysiology of PDA, ASD, VSD, and AVSD.
  • It details perioperative management considerations for patients with these conditions.
  • Common management strategies and potential complications are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • The four reviewed congenital heart defects are common causes of left-to-right shunts.
  • While interventions are frequent, perioperative care is generally straightforward.
  • Current treatment outcomes for these lesions are highly favorable.
Abstract

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