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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Enhanced spin-orbit coupling in core/shell nanowires.

Stephan Furthmeier1, Florian Dirnberger1, Martin Gmitra2

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Interface asymmetry in core/shell nanowires significantly enhances spin-orbit coupling (SOC). This effect influences electron spin dynamics and offers new possibilities for spin-orbitronic devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Semiconductor physics
  • Spintronics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is crucial in semiconductors, influenced by structural asymmetry.
  • Bulk crystals lacking inversion symmetry exhibit significant SOC effects.
  • Interface asymmetry in nanostructures presents a novel avenue for SOC modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of interface-induced asymmetry on SOC in core/shell nanowires.
  • Determine the effective electron g-factor in wurtzite GaAs.
  • Understand the anisotropic spin relaxation behavior in these nanostructures.

Main Methods:

  • Optical spin injection into single free-standing GaAs/AlGaAs core/shell nanowires.
  • Time-resolved micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy.
  • Analysis of electron spin dynamics under external magnetic fields.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated optical spin injection and determined the g-factor for wurtzite GaAs.
  • Observed counterintuitive, anisotropic spin relaxation that increases with magnetic field.
  • Identified interface-induced SOC as the dominant factor in core/shell nanowire spin dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Interface asymmetry in core/shell nanowires significantly enhances spin-orbit coupling.
  • This enhanced SOC provides a tunable parameter for spintronic applications.
  • The findings open new pathways for designing semiconductor-based spin-orbitronic devices.