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Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating

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Electrical Control of Intersubband Transitions in Few-Layer WSe₂ Multivalley Quantum Wells Probed by Electronic Raman

Philipp Wutz¹, Yinong Zhang², Felix Hofmann¹

¹Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany.

|January 24, 2026

Summary

Researchers demonstrate tunable intersubband transitions in van der Waals (vdW) quantum wells using electric fields. This breakthrough unlocks new possibilities for advanced optoelectronic devices like tunable photodetectors and compact spectrometers.

Keywords:

2D semiconductors IR spectroscopy Stark spectroscopy electronic Raman scattering intersubband transitions quantum wells

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Semiconducting quantum wells are crucial for lasers and photodetectors.
Van der Waals (vdW) quantum wells offer atomically sharp interfaces and flexible integration.
Lattice matching constraints are overcome with vdW heterostructures.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore and demonstrate tunable intersubband transitions in vdW quantum wells.
To investigate the electric-field-induced tunability of these transitions.
To lay the groundwork for novel optoelectronic applications using vdW quantum wells.

Main Methods:

Utilized valley-selective, electric-field-activated electronic Raman scattering.
Investigated natural WSe2 multilayers (3-7 layers).
Analyzed artificially stacked multilayers with varying twist angles.

Main Results:

Achieved electrical tunability of intersubband transitions by over 100 meV.
Quantified effective dipole moments and polarizabilities governing the quantum-confined Stark effect.
Observed tunable intersubband transitions in both natural and artificial vdW multilayers.

Conclusions:

Demonstrated the feasibility of electrical tuning in vdW quantum wells.
Highlighted the potential of vdW quantum wells for next-generation optoelectronics.
Paved the way for tunable photodiodes and compact IR spectrometers based on vdW heterostructures.