Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

719
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
719
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

311
The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
311
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

549
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
549
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

530
Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
530
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

396
AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
396
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

753
Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
753

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Identification of small-molecule HSF1 amplifiers by high content screening in protection of cells from stress induced injury.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2009
Same author

Nanowire transformation by size-dependent cation exchange reactions.

Nano letters·2009
Same author

Effect of haishengsu as an adjunct therapy for patients with advanced renal cell cancer: a randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.)·2009
Same author

Identification of inhibitors of HSF1 functional activity by high-content target-based screening.

Journal of biomolecular screening·2009
Same author

Antitumor effects of targeting hTERT lentivirus-mediated RNA interference against KB cell lines.

Oncology research·2009
Same author

Characteristics of emissive spectrum and the removal of nitric oxide in N2/02/NO plasma with argon additive.

Journal of environmental sciences (China)·2009
Same journal

Deep Learning Based Framework for Detection and Classification of Leukemia Using Microscopic Images.

Microscopy research and technique·2026
Same journal

Externally Controlled In Situ SEM: Multi-Rate Scanning With Signal Regulation and Spatiotemporal Fusion.

Microscopy research and technique·2026
Same journal

In Situ TEM Observation of Phase Transformation Nucleation at the Near-Surface of Synthetic Aragonite.

Microscopy research and technique·2026
Same journal

Morpho-Anatomical and HPTLC Investigations of Lysimachia nummularia L. (Primulaceae) Grown in Switzerland.

Microscopy research and technique·2026
Same journal

Macroscopic, Histological and Ultrastructural Features of the Tongue of the Anatolian Wild Boar (Sus scrofa libycus).

Microscopy research and technique·2026
Same journal

Ultrastructural Insights Into the Reproductive Anatomy and Eggs of Cotton Pink Bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae).

Microscopy research and technique·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
07:45

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Published on: February 9, 2021

4.1K

Composition, microstructure and element study of urinary calculi.

Min Zhang1, Xuhui Zhang2, Bin Zhang1

  • 1Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.

Microscopy Research and Technique
|August 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzed urinary calculi composition and microstructure in 60 patients. Mixed stones, primarily calcium oxalate monohydrate and hydroxyapatite, were most common, informing urinary stone formation research.

Keywords:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopyX-ray energy spectrometerscanning electron microscopyurinary calculi

More Related Videos

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
14:55

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

Published on: June 24, 2018

9.8K
Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography
03:19

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography

Published on: June 21, 2024

2.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
07:45

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Published on: February 9, 2021

4.1K
Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
14:55

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

Published on: June 24, 2018

9.8K
Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography
03:19

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography

Published on: June 21, 2024

2.6K

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Materials Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Urinary calculi (stones) formation is a complex process.
  • Understanding stone composition and microstructure is crucial for effective treatment and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the composition, microstructure, and elemental analysis of various urinary calculi.
  • To correlate stone characteristics with patient demographics and medical history.

Main Methods:

  • Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for composition analysis.
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for microstructure observation.
  • X-ray energy spectrometry (XES) for elemental distribution analysis.

Main Results:

  • Mixed stones constituted the largest proportion (65%), with calcium oxalate monohydrate and hydroxyapatite being the most frequent combination (71.79%).
  • Calcium oxalate monohydrate calculi represented 26.67% of samples.
  • Significant variations in infrared spectrum, microstructure, and elemental composition were observed across different stone types.

Conclusions:

  • Urinary calculi exhibit diverse characteristics in composition, microstructure, and elemental distribution.
  • These findings provide a foundation for further research into the mechanisms of urinary stone formation.
  • Patient data, including family and recurrence history, offer insights into risk factors for urinary calculi.