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Trace Fear Conditioning in Mice
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Intertrial unconditioned stimuli differentially impact trace conditioning.

Douglas A Williams1, Travis P Todd2, Chrissy M Chubala2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada. d.williams@uwinnipeg.ca.

Learning & Behavior
|August 7, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Appetitive conditioning in rats shows that introducing unconditioned stimuli (USs) during the intertrial interval can make the trace conditioned stimulus (CS) inhibitory. This occurs even when the CS offset elicits a conditioned response, suggesting complex temporal learning.

Keywords:
Conditioned inhibitionTemporal conditioningTemporal-difference modelsTimingTrace conditioning

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Neuroscience
  • Learning and Memory
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Trace conditioning involves a temporal gap between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US).
  • The impact of unsignaled USs within the intertrial interval on trace conditioning is not fully understood.
  • Appetitive conditioning paradigms are crucial for studying associative learning mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how unsignaled unconditioned stimuli (USs) presented during the intertrial interval affect appetitive trace conditioning in rats.
  • To determine if the temporal dynamics of the conditioned stimulus (CS) duration are altered by intertrial USs.
  • To explore the inhibitory or excitatory nature of the trace CS under these experimental conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were subjected to three experiments involving a 120-s trace conditioned stimulus (CS) with unsignaled unconditioned stimuli (USs) in the intertrial interval.
  • US timing relative to CS offset was varied: embedded, trace, and delay conditions.
  • Behavioral suppression during the CS and unreinforced probe trials were used to assess learning.
  • Summation and retardation tests were employed to confirm the inhibitory properties of the CS.

Main Results:

  • Intertrial USs most suppressed responding during the CS in the trace group, followed by the delay and embedded groups.
  • Probe trials revealed temporally specific learning, forming a bell-shaped curve around the US arrival time.
  • Summation and retardation tests indicated that the trace CS acquired inhibitory properties when intertrial USs were present.
  • Despite CS inhibition, CS offset still elicited a temporally precise conditioned response.

Conclusions:

  • Unsignaled USs in the intertrial interval can induce inhibitory properties in a trace conditioned stimulus (CS).
  • The temporal specificity of learning persists, creating a complex interplay between inhibitory CS elements and excitatory stimuli linked to CS termination.
  • A modified microstimulus temporal difference model is proposed to explain these findings in appetitive conditioning.