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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
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Quantum spin dynamics with pairwise-tunable, long-range interactions.

C-L Hung1, Alejandro González-Tudela2, J Ignacio Cirac3

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; Purdue Quantum Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; hjkimble@caltech.edu clhung@purdue.edu alejandro.gonzalez-tudela@mpq.mpg.de.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new platform to simulate quantum magnetism by precisely controlling interactions between spins in lattices. This method allows for flexible engineering of spin-exchange interactions, enabling new possibilities for topological spin models.

Keywords:
cold atomsnanophotonicsquantum many-bodyquantum matterquantum spin

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum optics

Background:

  • Quantum magnetism is crucial for understanding exotic states of matter.
  • Simulating complex spin interactions is challenging but essential for discovering new quantum phenomena.
  • Photonic crystal waveguides offer a promising platform for controlling quantum systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel platform for simulating quantum magnetism.
  • To achieve full control over spin-spin interactions at arbitrary distances.
  • To explore the realization of topological spin models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing atoms trapped in a photonic crystal waveguide (PCW).
  • Employing two internal atomic states as pseudospins.
  • Mediating coherent spin-spin interactions via virtual photons within the PCW band gap.
  • Engineering interaction coefficients using distance-dependent ground-state energy shifts and auxiliary pump fields.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated full control over spin-exchange interaction magnitude and phase.
  • Showcased the ability to engineer interactions at arbitrary atom-atom separations.
  • Introduced nontrivial Berry phases in the spin lattice.
  • Successfully constructed several well-known spin models using the platform.

Conclusions:

  • The presented platform provides unprecedented control over quantum magnetism simulations.
  • This technique opens new avenues for realizing and studying topological spin models.
  • The scheme is versatile and applicable to various spin models.