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When we take repeated measurements on the same or replicated samples, we will observe inconsistencies in the magnitude. These inconsistencies are called errors. To categorize and characterize these results and their errors, the researcher can use statistical analysis to determine the quality of the measurements and/or suitability of the methods.
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Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...
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Statistics and Measurements.

M C Croarkin1

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8980.

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
|August 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

For over 50 years, the Statistical Engineering Division (SED) has significantly advanced metrology and measurement science. Their foundational statistical methods remain essential across all scientific disciplines.

Keywords:
calibration and measurement assurancedesign of experimentserror analysis and uncertaintyhistory of NBSinterlaboratory testingmeasurement methodsstandard reference materialsstatistical computinguncertainty analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Statistics and Measurement Science
  • Metrology and Standards

Background:

  • The Statistical Engineering Division (SED) at NBS/NIST has a 50+ year history.
  • Its formation marked the beginning of statistical work at NBS/NIST.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the fundamental contributions of SED statisticians to statistics and measurement science.
  • To review the historical impact and enduring legacy of SED's statistical methods.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of SED's early publications on statistical methods, experimental design, and error analysis.
  • Survey of thematic areas including calibration, interlaboratory tests, and Standard Reference Materials.

Main Results:

  • SED's early statistical methods are cornerstones in metrology, standards, and data analysis across disciplines.
  • The division played a critical role in resolving high-profile national statistical studies.

Conclusions:

  • SED's work is integral to the history of statistics, measurement, and standards.
  • Current R&D trends indicate a growing demand for SED statisticians.