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Related Experiment Video

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Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking
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Context-specific attentional sampling: Intentional control as a pre-requisite for contextual control.

Nicholaus P Brosowsky1, Matthew J C Crump2

  • 1The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, United States.

Consciousness and Cognition
|August 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Intentional control, not automatic learning, drives attentional priorities. Prior experience intentionally shifting attention between contexts is necessary for contextual control to develop.

Keywords:
AttentionAttentional samplingAwarenessContextual controlIntention

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Attention Research

Background:

  • Environmental cues can involuntarily adjust attentional priorities based on prior attentional control settings.
  • Adaptive-learning and memory-based theories propose mechanisms for contextual control of attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test predictions from adaptive-learning and memory-based theories regarding intentions in setting attentional priorities.
  • To investigate the generalizability of contextual control principles using a novel bi-dimensional stimulus sampling task.

Main Methods:

  • A bi-dimensional stimulus sampling task was employed.
  • Participants viewed briefly presented letter and color arrays.
  • Stimuli were identified based on dimensional (letter/color) and positional cues, with location predicting the cued dimension.

Main Results:

  • Contextual control did not emerge through automatic, adaptive-learning processes, contrary to previous findings.
  • Development of contextual control required participants to have previous experience with intentionally altering attentional sampling priorities across different contexts.

Conclusions:

  • Intentional experience, rather than automatic adaptation, appears crucial for establishing contextual control over attentional priorities.
  • Findings suggest that memory-based mechanisms involving deliberate shifts in attention are key to contextual control phenomena.