Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

88.3K

Etiological Subgroups of Small-for-Gestational-Age: Differential Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

Xiuhong Li1,2, Rina D Eiden3, Leonard H Epstein2

  • 1Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.

Plos One
|August 9, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Children born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) with multiple births or singleton SGA with smoking and inadequate weight gain show poorer 5-year cognitive outcomes. These findings highlight critical risk factors impacting neurodevelopment in SGA populations.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurodevelopment
  • Public Health
  • Perinatal Epidemiology

Background:

  • Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) exhibit significant variability.
  • Understanding the etiological factors contributing to these variations is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively compare 5-year neurodevelopmental outcomes across different etiological subgroups of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) children.
  • To identify specific prenatal risk factors associated with poorer cognitive development in SGA populations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the U.S. Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (N=1050 SGA children).
  • Categorized SGA children into etiological subgroups based on 7 established prenatal risk factors.
  • Employed linear regression models to assess 5-year reading, math, gross motor, and fine motor scores, adjusting for socio-demographic confounders.

Main Results:

  • Multiple-birth SGA subgroups demonstrated lower mean reading and math scores compared to singleton SGA subgroups.
  • Cognitive disadvantages in multiple-birth SGA subgroups were pronounced in those without ovulation stimulation.
  • Singleton SGA subgroups with co-occurring maternal smoking and inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) showed significantly lower reading and math scores.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple-birth SGA and singleton SGA with combined smoking and inadequate GWG are associated with poorer cognitive development up to age 5.
  • These findings underscore the importance of considering multiple risk factors when assessing neurodevelopmental trajectories in SGA children.
  • Intervention strategies may need to be tailored to specific etiological subgroups of SGA infants to improve long-term outcomes.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

12.0K
A Novel Experimental and Analytical Approach to the Multimodal Neural Decoding of Intent During Social Interaction in Freely-behaving Human Infants11:14

A Novel Experimental and Analytical Approach to the Multimodal Neural Decoding of Intent During Social Interaction in Freely-behaving Human Infants

Published on: October 4, 2015

11.6K

Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
1.6K
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
47.0K
Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
987
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
4.4K