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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...
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Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Drug Delivery From Hydrogels: A General Framework for the Release Modeling.

Diego Caccavo, Sara Cascone, Gaetano Lamberti1

  • 1Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.

Current Drug Delivery
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Summary

This study presents a unified modeling framework for hydrogel-based drug delivery systems (HB-DDSs). The framework simplifies complex transport phenomena, aiding in the efficient design and optimization of HB-DDS for controlled drug release.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

  • Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery Systems (HB-DDSs) are crucial for controlled release of therapeutics, including siRNAs.
  • Optimizing HB-DDS requires understanding complex drug release mechanisms.
  • Current trial-and-error methods are time-consuming and costly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general modeling framework for HB-DDS.
  • To unify and simplify existing literature models for HB-DDS.
  • To reduce development time and costs for HB-DDS.

Main Methods:

  • Derived a general framework by coupling and homogenizing literature models.
  • Analyzed transport phenomena influencing drug release in HB-DDS.
  • Classified existing models into multiphasic and multicomponent mixture approaches.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that all HB-DDS models can be traced back to two main approaches: multiphasic and multicomponent mixture models.
  • Provided a unified perspective on modeling HB-DDS.
  • The proposed framework simplifies the complexity of synergistic and competing transport phenomena.

Conclusions:

  • The developed framework offers a systematic approach to modeling HB-DDS.
  • This unification aids in the rational design and optimization of HB-DDS.
  • The modeling approach can significantly accelerate the development of effective drug delivery systems.