Advances in Controlled Drug Delivery for Treatment of Osteoporosis
T A Asafo-Adjei1, A J Chen1, A Najarzadeh1
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 522A Robotics and Manufacturing Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0108, USA.
Abstract:
Osteoporosis, which is characterized by resorption of bone exceeding formation, remains a significant human health concern, and the impact of this condition will only increase with the "graying" of the worldwide population. This review focuses on current and emerging approaches for delivering therapeutic agents to restore bone remodeling homeostasis. Well-known antiresorptive and anabolic agents, such as estrogen, estrogen analogs, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone, along with newer modulators and antibodies, are primarily administered orally, intravenously, or subcutaneously. Although these treatments can be effective, continuing problems include patient noncompliance and adverse systemic or remote-site effects. Controlled drug delivery via polymeric, targeted, and active release systems extends drug half-life by shielding against premature degradation and improves bioavailability while also providing prolonged, sustained, or intermittent release at therapeutic doses to more effectively treat osteoporosis and associated fracture risk.
Insights
New drug delivery systems offer improved osteoporosis treatment by enhancing therapeutic agent effectiveness and patient compliance. These advanced methods aim to restore bone health and reduce fracture risk.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Pharmacology
- Orthopedics
Background:
- Osteoporosis is a growing global health issue due to an aging population.
- Current osteoporosis treatments face challenges with patient compliance and side effects.
- Restoring bone remodeling homeostasis is crucial for managing osteoporosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current and emerging therapeutic agent delivery approaches for osteoporosis.
- To highlight advancements in drug delivery systems for bone health.
- To address limitations of conventional osteoporosis treatments.
Main Methods:
- Review of established and novel osteoporosis therapeutic agents.
- Analysis of drug delivery systems including polymeric, targeted, and active release.
- Evaluation of methods to improve drug bioavailability and half-life.
Main Results:
- Conventional osteoporosis drugs include estrogen, bisphosphonates, and parathyroid hormone.
- Newer treatments involve modulators and antibodies.
- Controlled drug delivery systems enhance drug efficacy and reduce adverse effects.
Conclusions:
- Advanced drug delivery systems can overcome limitations of current osteoporosis therapies.
- Controlled release improves patient compliance and treatment outcomes.
- Targeted delivery promises more effective management of osteoporosis and fracture risk.
Related Concept Videos
01:21Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems
01:26Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems
01:23Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction
01:22Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
01:19Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview
01:27Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types