Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

7.8K
Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
7.8K
Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

Drug Discovery: Overview

12.8K
Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
12.8K
Photoluminescence: Applications01:14

Photoluminescence: Applications

1.2K
Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
1.2K
FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization02:07

FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization

25.6K
Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, was developed in the early 1980s and has quickly become one of the most widely used techniques in cytogenetics. Labeled probes are used to bind complementary DNA or RNA sequences on a chromosome or in a region within a cell. Earlier, the probes could only be obtained by cloning or reverse transcription of a DNA template. Currently, the probe oligonucleotides can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, with the advancement of optical techniques,...
25.6K
Immunofluorescence Microscopy01:12

Immunofluorescence Microscopy

14.4K
A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.
14.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Solvent and Substitution Effects on the Excited-State Dynamics of Triphenylamines [6π] Electrocyclization: A Laser Flash Photolysis Investigation.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2026
Same author

Syntheses of Carbazoles by Photosensitized Electrocyclization of Triarylamines. Effect of Inductive Electron-Withdrawing Groups on the Photocyclization.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Photocatalytic Perfluoroalkylation of Disulfides and Diselenides. Syntheses of Perfluoroalkyl Thio- and Seleno-ethers.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2024
Same author

Perfluoroalkylation of Triarylamines by EDA Complexes and Ulterior Sensitized [6π]-Electrocyclization to Perfluoroalkylated Endo-Carbazoles. Mechanistic and Photophysical Studies.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2024
Same author

Photocatalyzed Perfluoroalkylation of Endoglycals.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2023
Same author

Preparation of Carbazoles Involving 6π-Electrocyclization, Photoredox-, Electrochemical-, and Thermal Cyclization Reactions: Mechanistic Insights.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2023
Same journal

Catalytic synthesis of saturated azacycles using transborylation.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2026
Same journal

Pyridines with adamantane fragments and their 1,2,4-triazine analogues as anti-quorum-sensing agents, synthesis and molecular docking.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2026
Same journal

Synthesis of polymethylene-linked bis(cyclobutane-fused chromanones) mediated by gold photocatalysis.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2026
Same journal

Palladium-catalyzed chelation-assisted C-H functionalization of quinoline aldehydes to esters with mechanistic insights.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2026
Same journal

One-pot metal-free access to uracil-benzofuran bis-heterocycles: synthesis and DFT insights.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2026
Same journal

Transition-metal-free three-component synthesis of α-tertiary trifluoromethyl phosphonates from CF<sub>3</sub> diazo compounds.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

A Fluorescence-based Protocol for Preliminary Screening of Protein Synthesis Inhibitors from Natural Sources
10:24

A Fluorescence-based Protocol for Preliminary Screening of Protein Synthesis Inhibitors from Natural Sources

Published on: January 27, 2026

387

Fluorination methods in drug discovery.

Damian E Yerien1, Sergio Bonesi, Al Postigo

  • 1Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Junín 954 CP, 1113-Buenos Aires, Argentina. apostigo@ffyb.uba.ar.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
|August 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Late-stage fluorination of medicinal compounds enhances properties like bioavailability. This review covers strategies using various reagents for diverse organic molecules, aiding pharmaceutical development.

More Related Videos

Application and Methodology of the Non-destructive 19F Time-domain NMR Technique to Measure the Content in Fluorine-containing Drug Products
09:24

Application and Methodology of the Non-destructive 19F Time-domain NMR Technique to Measure the Content in Fluorine-containing Drug Products

Published on: August 22, 2017

8.8K
NMR-Based Fragment Screening in a Minimum Sample but Maximum Automation Mode
09:19

NMR-Based Fragment Screening in a Minimum Sample but Maximum Automation Mode

Published on: June 4, 2021

3.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 16, 2026

A Fluorescence-based Protocol for Preliminary Screening of Protein Synthesis Inhibitors from Natural Sources
10:24

A Fluorescence-based Protocol for Preliminary Screening of Protein Synthesis Inhibitors from Natural Sources

Published on: January 27, 2026

387
Application and Methodology of the Non-destructive 19F Time-domain NMR Technique to Measure the Content in Fluorine-containing Drug Products
09:24

Application and Methodology of the Non-destructive 19F Time-domain NMR Technique to Measure the Content in Fluorine-containing Drug Products

Published on: August 22, 2017

8.8K
NMR-Based Fragment Screening in a Minimum Sample but Maximum Automation Mode
09:19

NMR-Based Fragment Screening in a Minimum Sample but Maximum Automation Mode

Published on: June 4, 2021

3.9K

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Fluorine incorporation is crucial for modulating drug properties.
  • Late-stage fluorination offers a strategic advantage in drug development.
  • Fluorine impacts lipophilicity, electronegativity, basicity, and bioavailability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review late-stage fluorination strategies for medicinal compounds.
  • To discuss the influence of fluorine on biological activity.
  • To cover diverse fluorinating reagents and organic substrates.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of nucleophilic, electrophilic, and radical fluorinating reagents.
  • Analysis of fluorination reactions on (hetero)aromatic and aliphatic systems.
  • Consideration of sp3, sp2, and sp carbon atom fluorination.

Main Results:

  • Late-stage fluorination provides access to novel drug leads.
  • Fluorine substitution can significantly improve pharmacokinetic properties.
  • Diverse substrates can be effectively fluorinated using various strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Late-stage fluorination is a powerful tool in medicinal chemistry.
  • Strategic fluorine introduction enhances drug efficacy and bioavailability.
  • This approach accelerates the development of improved pharmaceuticals.