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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Phage Transduction.

Shan Goh1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK. sgoh@rvc.ac.uk.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteriophages, or phages, can transfer bacterial genes via transduction. This study demonstrates the successful transduction of the ermB gene, conferring erythromycin resistance, using the Clostridium difficile phage ϕC2.

Keywords:
Antibiotic resistance genesPhageTransduction

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and can mediate horizontal gene transfer through transduction.
  • Transduction is a key mechanism for genetic exchange in bacteria, with laboratory applications for gene transfer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the process of transducing the ermB gene, which confers erythromycin resistance, using the Clostridium difficile phage ϕC2.
  • To establish a method for genetic manipulation in Clostridium difficile via phage transduction.

Main Methods:

  • Propagation of the C. difficile phage ϕC2 in a bacterial donor strain.
  • Concentration of the phage and transient exposure to a recipient strain at various multiplicities of infection.
  • Selection of transductants exhibiting erythromycin resistance on selective media.

Main Results:

  • Successful transduction of the ermB gene, conferring erythromycin resistance, was achieved using C. difficile phage ϕC2.
  • Demonstration of phage transduction as a viable method for introducing specific genes into C. difficile.

Conclusions:

  • Phage transduction using C. difficile phage ϕC2 is an effective method for transferring the ermB gene.
  • This technique provides a valuable tool for genetic studies and manipulation of Clostridium difficile.