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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Fluid Mechanics

Background:

  • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is increasingly applied in water and wastewater treatment (WWT).
  • CFD models can simulate hydraulic, physical, chemical, and biological processes within WWT unit operations.
  • The application of CFD spans from basic hydraulic elements to complex biological treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of CFD applications in WWT unit processes.
  • To identify the current state of practice and highlight research and development needs.
  • To assess the capabilities and limitations of CFD in various WWT applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and case studies on CFD in WWT.
  • Analysis of CFD application frequency and effectiveness across different WWT unit processes.
  • Identification of common challenges and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • CFD is frequently applied to final sedimentation, activated sludge basins, and disinfection.
  • Primary sedimentation and anaerobic digestion show greater needs for CFD development.
  • Current CFD approaches can handle complex systems but require broader applicability to diverse process designs.

Conclusions:

  • CFD is a valuable tool in WWT, with varying levels of maturity across unit processes.
  • Significant research and development are needed to improve CFD's capabilities, particularly in areas like flocculation and biology-hydraulics coupling.
  • Further work is required to address the diversity of WWT process designs and expand CFD's reach to currently unaddressed units.