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Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

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In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400...
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Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

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To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...
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Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

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The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
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Studying Dynamic Processes of Nano-sized Objects in Liquid using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Studying Dynamic Processes of Nano-sized Objects in Liquid using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

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Direct-write liquid phase transformations with a scanning transmission electron microscope.

Raymond R Unocic1, Andrew R Lupini2, Albina Y Borisevich2

  • 1Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. unocicrr@ornl.gov sjesse@ornl.gov and Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN, 37831, USA.

Nanoscale
|August 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new nanolithography technique using electron beams in scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM) to precisely create nanoscale patterns from liquid precursors. This method allows for controlled fabrication of nanostructures with tailored architectures and chemistries.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Electron Microscopy

Background:

  • Electron beams in scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM) can alter materials but are limited by uniform exposure modes.
  • Studying electron beam-induced phenomena and applications is hindered by conventional STEM rastering methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an automated liquid phase nanolithography method for direct writing of nanometer-scaled features.
  • To enable precise control over electron beam position, dwell time, and scan rate for nanostructure fabrication.
  • To explore electron beam-induced interactions with matter in liquid cells for fundamental studies and applications.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an automated liquid phase nanolithography technique using an external electron beam control system for an aberration-corrected STEM.
  • Precisely controlled a sub-nanometer STEM probe to irradiate site-specific locations in microfabricated liquid cells.
  • Used an aqueous solution of H2PdCl4 to deposit palladium nanocrystals onto silicon nitride membranes.

Main Results:

  • Determined the threshold electron dose for radiolytic deposition of metallic palladium.
  • Investigated the influence of electron dose on the size and morphology of nanolithographically patterned features.
  • Proposed a feedback-controlled monitoring method for active control of nanofabricated structures via STEM detector signal monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • The developed nanolithography method enables precise, site-specific fabrication of nanostructures from liquid-phase precursors.
  • This approach opens new pathways for creating nanostructures with tailored architectures and chemistries.
  • Facilitates fundamental studies of electron beam-induced interactions with matter in liquid cells.