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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
Photoreceptors
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Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
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Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
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Oral sensory nerve damage: Causes and consequences.

Derek J Snyder1, Linda M Bartoshuk2

  • 1Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 572 Newell Drive, P.O. Box 110370, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0370, USA. dsnyder@ufl.edu.

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders
|August 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Peripheral nerve damage affecting oral sensations can lead to varied outcomes, including sensory increases that may impact diet and body mass. New clinical tests help understand these complex sensory changes.

Keywords:
Burning mouth syndromeIntensity scaleObesityOral sensationOtitis mediaPhantom tasteTasteTonsillectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Science
  • Oral Health

Background:

  • Flavor perception integrates taste, oral somatosensation, and retronasal olfaction, influencing dietary choices and health.
  • Peripheral nerve damage from various causes can disrupt oral sensory input.
  • Central nervous system interactions can lead to compensatory sensory changes following nerve damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms and consequences of altered oral sensory processing after nerve damage.
  • To investigate individual variability in response to oral nerve injury.
  • To highlight the clinical relevance of understanding these sensory changes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of mechanisms underlying sensory integration and compensation.
  • Discussion of clinical conditions resulting from oral nerve damage.
  • Emphasis on emerging clinical tests for assessing oral sensory function.

Main Results:

  • Regional nerve damage can cause compensatory sensory increases or losses due to central interactions.
  • Individual differences in neural processing lead to diverse outcomes, including altered palatability and potential body mass changes.
  • Phantom sensations like burning mouth syndrome can occur, especially in individuals with more taste buds.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in measuring oral sensory function are crucial for identifying and treating conditions arising from nerve damage.
  • Understanding these sensory alterations is key to managing long-term health impacts related to diet and sensory perception.