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Maxillary Sinus Grafting With Biphasic Bone Ceramic or Autogenous Bone: Clinical, Histologic, and Histomorphometric
Seyed A Danesh-Sani1, Stephen S Wallace, Ali Movahed
1*Resident, Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY. †Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY. ‡Clinical Researcher, Avicenna Research Institute, Dental Research Center, Oral Surgery Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. §Director, Advanced Program in Periodontics, Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY. ¶Director, Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Advanced Program in Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY. ‖Associate Director of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research; Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY. #Head, Section of Implant Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (Chairman: Prof. R. L. Weinstein), IRCCS, Galeazzi Institute, Milan, Italy; Private Practice, Como, Italy.
Purpose:
The present, randomized, controlled clinical trial compared the histologic and histomorphometric results from maxillary sinus augmentation with either biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) (60% hydroxyapatite and 40% β-tricalcium phosphate) or autogenous bone (AB) as bone-grafting materials.
Material And Methods:
Ten patients received bilateral sinus elevation surgery with intraoral AB chips (control group) on one side and BCP (test group) on the contralateral side. After a healing period of 6 to 8 months, implant sites were created and trephine cores were harvested for histological and histomorphometric analysis of the grafted areas.
Results:
The histological examination of biopsies showed BCP particles interconnected by bridges of a vital newly formed bone. Histomorphometry demonstrated that the amount of newly formed bone in the control group (36.8%) was significantly greater than that in the BCP (28.2%) group (P = 0.0032). BCP and AB cores revealed an average of residual graft particles of 32.9% and 4.8%, respectively. The average percentage of soft tissue components was 38.9% in the BCP cores and 58.4% in the AB cores.
Conclusions:
Based on our findings, the amount of vital bone formation was significantly higher for AB than that for BCP. However, BCP seemed to be a biocompatible and osteoconductive material that can be used with success as a bone substitute in maxillary sinus procedures.
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