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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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Oral Cavity01:11

Oral Cavity

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The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...
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Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
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Carbohydrate Digestion00:57

Carbohydrate Digestion

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Carbohydrate digestion and metabolism break down simple and complex carbohydrates from food into saccharides (i.e., sugars) for the body to use as energy. Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth during mastication, or chewing. The masticated carbohydrates remain intact in the stomach. Digestion resumes in the duodenum of the small intestine, where pancreatic alpha-amylase and brush border enzymes of the microvilli convert complex carbohydrates to monosaccharides. Finally, the monosaccharides...
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The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition02:11

The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition

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Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
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Related Experiment Video

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Assessing the Viability of a Synthetic Bacterial Consortium on the In Vitro Gut Host-microbe Interface
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Understanding Caries From the Oral Microbiome Perspective.

Anne C R Tanner, Christine A Kressirer, Lina L Faller

    Journal of the California Dental Association
    |August 13, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Dental caries, a significant oral disease, arises from dietary sugar altering the oral microbiome. Understanding the entire microbial community is key to addressing this condition.

    Area of Science:

    • Oral microbiology
    • Dental research
    • Disease pathology

    Background:

    • Dental caries is a prevalent oral disease with significant clinical impact.
    • Caries develops when excessive dietary sugar intake shifts the oral microbiome.
    • This shift leads to an acidogenic community with reduced microbial diversity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of the oral microbiome in dental caries.
    • To highlight the importance of analyzing the entire microbial community in caries development.

    Main Methods:

    • Microbiological cultivation techniques.
    • Molecular identification of microbial species.
    • Gene expression analysis.
    • Metabolomic profiling.

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    Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

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    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated the transition from a healthy to an acidogenic oral microbiome.
    • Showcased decreased microbial diversity in caries-associated microbiomes.
    • Highlighted the collective role of the microbial community in caries pathology.

    Conclusions:

    • The oral microbiome plays a critical role in the development of dental caries.
    • Comprehensive analysis including cultivation, molecular, gene expression, and metabolomic data is essential for understanding caries etiology.