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Pro inflammatory interleukins and thyroid function in Naswar (dipping tobacco) users: a case control study.
1Clinical Biochemistry and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan. faizataha@gmail.com.
BMC Endocrine Disorders
|August 13, 2016
Summary
Naswar consumption significantly lowers interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels, suggesting immune suppression. It also elevates thyroid hormones (FT3, FT4), impacting thyroid function in users.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Naswar, a smokeless tobacco, is prevalent in Pakistan.
- Nicotine in Naswar has immunosuppressive effects and may alter cytokine levels.
- The impact of Naswar on thyroid hormones is unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of Naswar consumption on immune markers and thyroid hormones.
- To compare cytokine and thyroid hormone levels in Naswar users versus non-users.
Main Methods:
- Study included 80 males (49 Naswar users, 31 controls).
- Measured serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, FT4, FT3, and TSH.
- Statistical analysis included t-tests, ANOVA, and correlation coefficients.
Main Results:
- Naswar users showed lower IL-1β and higher FT3 and FT4 compared to controls.
- No significant differences in IL-6 and TSH levels were observed.
- IL-1β was negatively correlated with FT3 in Naswar users.
Conclusions:
- Naswar use may lead to an immune-suppressive state indicated by reduced IL-1β.
- Naswar consumption affects thyroid function, as evidenced by altered FT3 and FT4 levels.
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