Medicines, excipients and dietary intolerances

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    Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Excipients and Impurities-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:19

    Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Excipients and Impurities-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

    Pharmaceutical products contain more than just the active drug; they also contain various excipients such as binders, solubilizers, stabilizers, preservatives, and other elements. In some cases, impurities or contaminants might be present. Traditionally, quality control in pharmaceuticals has primarily focused on the analysis of the active drug, often overlooking the impact of these additional components. The recent issue with heparin contamination by over-sulfated chondroitin sulfate, a...
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    Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

    Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

    Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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    Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

    Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

    Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
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    Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules01:18

    Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules

    Bioequivalence in generic drugs, such as tablets and capsules, refers to their pharmaceutical equivalence to the brand-name counterparts. However, for therapeutic equivalence, manufacturers must also consider physical attributes like size, shape, and weight (FDA Guidance for Industry, December 2003). Discrepancies in these aspects could impact patient compliance and cause medication errors. For instance, swallowing difficulties, often experienced with larger tablets or capsules, can lead to...
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    Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

    Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

    Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
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    Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview01:19

    Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

    Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
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