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Herpes simplex encephalitis and sarcoidosis.

E C Sweeney¹, L McDonnell¹

¹School of Pathology, Trinity College, Dublin.

Irish Journal of Medical Science

|August 13, 2016

Summary

A rare case of fatal herpes simplex encephalitis in a patient with sarcoidosis is presented. This opportunistic infection likely occurred due to weakened immunity, suggesting a potential link between sarcoidosis and viral encephalitis.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Immunology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that can affect multiple organs.
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a severe brain infection.
Opportunistic infections can occur in individuals with compromised immune systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a unique case of fatal herpes simplex encephalitis in a patient with sarcoidosis.
To investigate the potential pathogenetic association between sarcoidosis and viral encephalitis.

Main Methods:

Case report of a patient with fatal herpes simplex encephalitis and sarcoidosis.
Ultrastructural examination of brain tissue to identify viral particles.

Main Results:

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Herpes simplex virus particles were identified in the brain tissue of the patient.
This represents the first recorded instance of concurrent herpes simplex encephalitis and sarcoidosis.

Conclusions:

The encephalitis is likely an opportunistic infection in a patient with sarcoidosis-related immune suppression.
This case suggests a potential pathogenetic link, similar to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in sarcoidosis patients.