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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
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Combining chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade.

Ana Collazo-Lorduy1, Matthew D Galsky

  • 1aSpanish Society of Medical Oncology, Madrid, Spain bDivision of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA.

Current Opinion in Urology
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Combining chemotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade may improve responses in advanced urologic cancers. Further clinical trials are needed to establish this combination as a standard treatment for broader patient populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Urologic Oncology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) offers durable responses in some advanced urologic tumors.
  • Most patients do not respond to single-agent ICB, suggesting combination therapies are needed.
  • Preclinical data support combining ICB with chemotherapy for enhanced anticancer effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review preclinical and clinical research on combining chemotherapy with ICB in urologic cancers.
  • To evaluate the potential of combination regimens to broaden patient response to ICB.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of preclinical studies investigating chemotherapy and ICB combinations.
  • Review of ongoing and completed clinical trials exploring these combined approaches.

Main Results:

  • ICB is approved for renal and urothelial cancers.
  • Early clinical studies are exploring chemotherapy-ICB combinations, but proof-of-concept is not yet established.
  • Arguments exist both for and against combining chemotherapy with immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Carefully designed clinical trials are essential to determine the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy-ICB combinations.
  • Optimizing drug selection, dosage, and scheduling is critical for successful integration into standard treatment.
  • Further research is needed to establish if these combination approaches will become part of the standard treatment armamentarium for urologic malignancies.