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Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
Published on: August 29, 2025
Fuzzy Analysis of Students' Ratings
Donata Marasini1, Piero Quatto1, Enrico Ripamonti2
1Department of Economics, Management and Statistics, Statistical Section, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
Background:
Intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS) represent a methodology for quantifying latent variables in questionnaire analysis through membership and non-membership functions, which are linked by an uncertainty function.
Objectives:
We aim to apply an IFS approach to the problem of students' satisfaction of university teaching. Such framework can take into account a source of uncertainty related to items and another related to subjects.
Results:
A new technique for IFS analysis is set forth and generalized to a multivariate scenario. Potential advantages of the IFS perspective with respect to other nonfuzzy approaches are provided.
Application:
We apply this method to a national program of university courses evaluation and we focus, in particular, on the outcomes of two Masters in Statistics.
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