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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Antibody Structure01:10

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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of Equus caballus IgE with its high-affinity receptor FcεRI
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[About animal allergy].

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    Early childhood exposure to animals can protect against allergies, contrary to popular belief. While pet allergens are widespread, new therapies may help those with severe symptoms.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Allergology
    • Public Health

    Context:

    • Modern urban lifestyles may lead to underdeveloped immune tolerance.
    • Allergic inflammation affects skin and mucous membranes.
    • Pet allergens are ubiquitous, not confined to pet living areas.

    Purpose:

    • To challenge the notion that avoiding animals in infancy prevents allergies.
    • To highlight the protective role of early childhood animal contact.
    • To discuss the implications of pet allergen exposure and potential therapies.

    Summary:

    • Contrary to common belief, avoiding animals in infancy is unnecessary and early childhood contact may prevent allergies.
    • Insufficiently developed immune tolerance in city dwellers predisposes them to allergic inflammation.
    • Pet allergens are widely distributed, making avoidance difficult.

    Impact:

    • Suggests a paradigm shift in recommendations regarding pets and child development.
    • Highlights the need for further research into desensitization therapies for pet allergies.
    • Informs public health strategies concerning allergies and pet ownership.