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Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

Published on: May 19, 2020

Staphylococcus aureus vaccines: Deviating from the carol.

Dominique Missiakas¹, Olaf Schneewind²

¹Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

|August 17, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Despite efforts, Staphylococcus aureus vaccines targeting invasive infections have not succeeded due to immune evasion. Future vaccines may target coagulases and protein A, focusing on immune responses like opsonophagocytic killing.

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Area of Science:

* Microbiology and Immunology
* Vaccine Development
* Infectious Diseases

Background:

* Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterium causing skin infections and invasive diseases.
* Drug-resistant strains, like methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), lead to treatment failures and increased mortality.
* Current S. aureus vaccines have not met clinical endpoints, partly due to bacterial immune evasion strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

* To review the development and outcomes of Staphylococcus aureus vaccines.
* To discuss ongoing vaccine trials and potential immune evasion targets.
* To explore criteria for protective immunity against S. aureus.

Main Methods:

* Review of clinical trial data for polysaccharide-conjugate and subunit vaccines against S. aureus.
* Analysis of S. aureus immune evasion mechanisms, including coagulases and protein A.
* Discussion of potential vaccine targets and correlates of protective immunity.

Main Results:

* Polysaccharide-conjugate and subunit vaccines designed to prevent S. aureus infections have failed clinical trials.
* S. aureus employs immune evasion factors, hindering protective immune responses.
* Ongoing trials are investigating combination vaccines.

Conclusions:

* Developing effective S. aureus vaccines remains challenging due to bacterial immune evasion.
* Targeting specific evasion mechanisms like coagulases and protein A may offer new vaccine strategies.
* Establishing correlates of protection, such as opsonophagocytic killing, is crucial for future vaccine development.