Tailoring Bicelle Morphology and Thermal Stability with Lanthanide-Chelating Cholesterol Conjugates

Bicelles composed of DMPC and phospholipids capable of chelating lanthanide ions, such as 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamine-diethylene triaminepentaacetate (DMPE-DTPA), are highly tunable magnetically responsive soft materials. Further doping of these systems with cholesterol-DTPA conjugates complexed to a lanthanide ion considerably enhances the bicelle's size and magnetic alignability. The high value of these cholesterol conjugates for bicelle design remains largely unexplored. Herein, we examine how molecular structural alterations within the cholesterol-DTPA conjugates lead to contrasting self-assembled polymolecular aggregate structures when incorporated into DMPC/DMPE-DTPA/Tm(3+) bilayers. The nature of the linker connecting the DTPA-chelating moiety to the sterol backbone is examined by synthesizing conjugates of various linker lengths and polarities. The incorporation of these compounds within the bilayer results in polymolecular aggregate geometries of higher curvature. The increasing degrees of freedom for conformational changes conveyed to the chelator headgroup with increasing linker atomic length reduce the cholesterol-DTPA conjugate's critical packing parameter. Consequently, an inverse correlation between the number of carbon atoms in the linker and the bicelle radius is established. The introduction of polarity into the carbon chain of the linker did not cause major changes in the polymolecular aggregate architecture. Under specific conditions, the additives permit the formation of remarkably temperature-resistant bicelles. The versatility of design offered by these amphiphiles gives rise to new and viable tools for the growing field of magnetically responsive soft materials.