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Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

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Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Paramagnetism01:30

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Quantum Fluctuations of a Superconductor Order Parameter.

K Yu Arutyunov1, J S Lehtinen2

  • 1National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics 101000, Moscow, Russia. karutyunov@hse.ru.

Nanoscale Research Letters
|August 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Quantum fluctuations in narrow titanium nanowires broaden superconducting energy gaps. Thinner wires show a more pronounced effect, impacting electron tunneling characteristics with aluminum.

Keywords:
Quantum fluctuationsQuasi-one-dimensional superconductivityTunneling

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Superconducting materials exhibit unique quantum phenomena.
  • Quantum fluctuations can significantly alter the properties of low-dimensional systems.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for developing advanced electronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of quantum fluctuations on superconducting properties in titanium nanowires.
  • To analyze the relationship between nanowire dimensions and superconducting gap characteristics.
  • To elucidate the role of quantum phase slips in observed phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of very narrow titanium nanowires.
  • Measurement of tunneling current-voltage (I-V) characteristics.
  • Analysis of superconducting gap edge broadening in quasi-one-dimensional systems.

Main Results:

  • Observed a clear trend: thinner titanium electrodes led to broader singularities in I-V characteristics.
  • The broadening correlated with the sum of superconducting energy gaps in aluminum and titanium (eV = Δ1(Al) + Δ2(Ti)).
  • The effect's prominence in specific nanowire diameter ranges aligns with observations of quantum phase slips.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum fluctuations of the order parameter modulus (|Δ2|) cause broadening of the superconducting gap edge in quasi-one-dimensional titanium channels.
  • Quantum phase slips, associated with phase fluctuations (Δ = |Δ|e^(iφ)), contribute to the observed broadening of R(T) dependencies.
  • The study provides insights into quantum effects in nanoscale superconductors.