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Top-down knowledge modulates onset capture in a feedforward manner.

Stefanie I Becker1, Amanda J Lewis2, Jenna E Axtens2

  • 1School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. s.becker@psy.uq.edu.au.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Top-down attention guides early visual selection, influencing the earliest eye movements to stimuli. This research supports a feedforward model of attention, showing goal-driven processes impact visual processing rapidly.

Keywords:
Attentional captureCognitive control and automaticityEye movements and visual attentionVisual search

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Visual selection from cluttered environments involves both goal-driven (top-down) and stimulus-driven (bottom-up) factors.
  • The precise timing of top-down modulation in visual selection remains debated, with feedforward and dual-stage feedback accounts proposed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether top-down attention modulates visual selection at an early feedforward stage or a later feedback stage.
  • To test the feedforward account against the dual-stage account using eye-tracking experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Two eye-tracking experiments were conducted.
  • Experiment 1 examined the role of color after-effects, while Experiment 2 used a word cue for target color identification.
  • Eye movement latencies to onset distractors were analyzed in relation to target properties.

Main Results:

  • Top-down processes significantly modulated the earliest eye movements (latencies <150 ms) towards onset distractors.
  • No cost was observed for selecting target-matching distractors, even with early modulation.
  • Results were consistent across experiments, irrespective of color after-effects or cueing methods.

Conclusions:

  • The findings unambiguously support the feedforward account of top-down attentional modulation.
  • Top-down control influences visual selection very early in processing, before significant feedback.
  • This early modulation occurs efficiently without hindering target selection.