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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
These glands that produce the oils on the skin and hair are holocrine glands. The mature...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Clinical Application of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy and Radio Frequency for Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases
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Clinical Application of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy and Radio Frequency for Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases

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Facial Dermatitis and Rosacea.

Joseph F Fowler1

  • 1Assistant Professor of Dermatology Tufts University School of Medicine Director, Psoriasis Treatment Center SkinCare Physicians Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts.

Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
|August 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New rosacea treatments target inflammation and redness. These include brimonidine, ivermectin, azelaic acid, and tetracycline-type antibiotics affecting the cathelicidin pathway.

Keywords:
Azelaic acidbrimonidinecathelicidinivermectinrosacea

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Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
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Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment
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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Cutaneous Medicine

Background:

  • Rosacea is a chronic skin condition.
  • Symptoms include flushing, erythema, dryness, burning, stinging, papules, and pustules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review new and emerging treatments for rosacea.
  • Focus on agents targeting inflammatory and erythematous components.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current and developing therapeutic agents for rosacea.
  • Discussion of mechanisms of action, including receptor agonism and pathway inhibition.

Main Results:

  • Selective α2 receptor agonist brimonidine is available.
  • Topical ivermectin cream 1% and azelaic acid foam 15% are treatment options.
  • Tetracycline-type antibiotics impacting the cathelicidin pathway are utilized.

Conclusions:

  • Several new treatment modalities are available or in development for rosacea.
  • These therapies aim to manage the inflammatory and visible erythematous aspects of the disease.