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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...
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Phylum Ascomycota, a major division within the subkingdom Dikarya, comprises a diverse range of fungal species, including both unicellular yeasts and filamentous molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi thrive in a variety of habitats, from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial environments, playing crucial ecological and economic roles.Morphology and ReproductionThe defining characteristic of Ascomycetes, commonly referred to as sac fungi, is the ascus—a sac-like structure that...
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Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotes more closely related to animals than other eukaryotes. Fungal cell walls comprise chitin, a polysaccharide that provides structural strength, and glucans, which contribute to flexibility and integrity. Other polysaccharides, such as mannans and galactosans, may supplement or replace chitin in some fungi. These adaptations, along with their preference for acidic environments and tolerance for high osmotic pressure, enable fungi to thrive in various...
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Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Bio-energetics Investigation of Candida albicans Using Real-time Extracellular Flux Analysis
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Tinea and Onychomycosis.

Theodore Rosen1

  • 1Professor of Dermatology Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas.

Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
|August 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New topical treatments for fungal infections like onychomycosis (nail fungus) and tinea pedis (athlete's foot) show promising results. Efinaconazole and tavaborole for nails, and naftifine and luliconazole for feet, offer effective, shorter treatment options.

Keywords:
Efinaconazoleluliconazolenaftifineonychomycosistavaboroletinea pedis

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Onychomycosis (nail fungal infection) and tinea pedis (athlete's foot) are prevalent superficial fungal infections.
  • Topical antifungal therapies are crucial for managing these conditions, with adherence being a key factor in treatment success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review newly approved topical agents for onychomycosis and tinea pedis.
  • To highlight the efficacy and potential adherence benefits of these new treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical studies on topical antifungal agents.
  • Analysis of cure rates and treatment durations for new medications.

Main Results:

  • Efinaconazole and tavaborole demonstrate respectable cure rates for onychomycosis.
  • Naftifine 2% and luliconazole 1% are new agents for tinea pedis with short administration courses.
  • Shorter treatment courses may improve patient adherence.

Conclusions:

  • Newly approved topical agents offer effective treatment options for onychomycosis and tinea pedis.
  • The development of agents with shorter treatment durations holds promise for improving patient adherence and outcomes in superficial fungal infections.