Contrasting emotion processing and executive functioning in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and bipolar
Stephen Soncin1, Donald C Brien1, Brian C Coe1
1Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University.
Behavioral Neuroscience
|August 19, 2016
Summary
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BD) share deficits but differ in oculomotor task performance. Emotional faces impaired processing speed in BD, aiding diagnostic differentiation.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Cognitive Psychology
Background:
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are highly comorbid.
- Both disorders share executive function and emotion processing deficits, complicating diagnosis.
- Distinct clinical features exist despite overlapping deficits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare oculomotor task performance in ADHD, BD, and healthy controls.
- To identify subtle differences in executive function and emotion processing between ADHD and BD.
- To explore how emotion processing interacts with executive functioning in these disorders.
Main Methods:
- Adults with ADHD (n=22), BD (n=20), and controls (n=21) performed a pro- and antisaccade task.
- Task-irrelevant emotional faces (fear, happy, sad, neutral) were presented.
- Oculomotor responses (direction errors, reaction time) were measured.
Main Results:
- The ADHD group made more direction errors than controls.
- Emotional faces (negative, neutral) increased reaction time in BD compared to controls.
- The antisaccade task differentiated ADHD from controls; emotional processing slowed BD processing speed.
Conclusions:
- Oculomotor task performance reveals distinct executive function and emotion processing differences between ADHD and BD.
- Emotional processing further impairs processing speed in BD, potentially implicating orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction.
- These findings may improve diagnostic specificity for ADHD and BD.
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