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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Guilherme B de Freitas1, Felipe K Sudo2, Bart Vanderborght2

  • 1Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity is linked to altered cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leptin levels but not directly to cognitive decline. Certain CSF analytes like Aβ42/Aβ40 and Lipoxin A4/cysteinyl leukotriene ratios are associated with cognitive decline.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Dementia is a significant health concern, with a substantial portion potentially preventable through lifestyle modifications and management of associated disorders like hypertension and obesity.
  • Current understanding of the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analytes and lifestyle risk modifiers (LRMs) in dementia onset, diagnosis, and prognosis remains incomplete.
  • Identifying specific CSF therapeutic targets linked to dementia and LRMs is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between specific CSF analytes and lifestyle risk modifiers (LRMs) in individuals with and without cognitive decline (CD).
  • To identify potential CSF biomarkers that predict cognitive decline and its relationship with LRMs such as obesity.
  • To explore the direct impact of selected CSF analytes on LRMs and cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving cognitively unimpaired (CU) and cognitively declined (CD) individuals.
  • Profiling of 28 CSF analytes and assessment of LRMs including hypertension, obesity, physical exercise, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia.
  • Utilizing nested logistic regression with elastic net regularization for feature selection and linear regression models to assess direct impacts.

Main Results:

  • CSF Aβ42/Aβ40, Lipoxin A4/cysteinyl leukotriene (LXA4/cysLT) ratios, oxytocin, age, and obesity were identified as predictors for CD.
  • CSF leptin was identified as a predictor for obesity, but not directly for CD.
  • Lower CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 and LXA4/cysLT ratios, and higher CSF oxytocin levels were associated with CD; obesity showed an inverse correlation with CD.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity is primarily associated with changes in CSF leptin levels and demonstrates a negative association with cognitive decline.
  • The study suggests that the impact of obesity on cognitive decline may not be mediated by the specific CSF analytes evaluated.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex interplay between obesity, CSF analytes, and dementia.