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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Recent progress on correlated electron systems with strong spin-orbit coupling.

Robert Schaffer1, Eric Kin-Ho Lee, Bohm-Jung Yang

  • 1Department of Physics and Center for Quantum Materials, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada.

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|August 20, 2016
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Summary

Novel quantum states in correlated electron systems with strong spin-orbit coupling are explored. Research focuses on iridates, revealing insights into topological and magnetic properties, and potential quantum spin liquid phases.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Materials Science

Background:

  • Strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is known to induce non-trivial band topology in weakly interacting systems.
  • The interplay between electron-electron interactions and strong SOC in exotic quantum ground states remains incompletely understood.
  • Emerging materials, particularly those containing 5d or 4d transition metals like iridium oxides (iridates), offer platforms to investigate these phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent theoretical and experimental advancements in understanding quantum ground states in strongly spin-orbit coupled correlated electron systems.
  • To highlight the specific roles of electron correlation and spin-orbit coupling in materials like pyrochlore and honeycomb iridates.
  • To explore potential quantum spin liquid phases and unusual magnetic orders in these materials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of theoretical models and experimental findings.
  • Focus on pyrochlore iridates, examining bulk and surface states, quantum criticality, and topological/magnetic ground states.
  • Analysis of three-dimensional honeycomb iridates, including theoretical models and resonant x-ray scattering experiments.

Main Results:

  • Discussion of quantum criticality and the significance of boundary states in pyrochlore iridates, including domain wall formation and anisotropic magneto-transport.
  • Exploration of theoretical possibilities for quantum spin liquid phases and exotic magnetic orders in 3D honeycomb iridates.
  • Comparison of findings in 3D honeycomb iridates with their 2D counterparts.

Conclusions:

  • Recent progress has been made in understanding novel quantum ground states driven by strong spin-orbit coupling and electron correlation.
  • Iridates, such as pyrochlore and honeycomb structures, are key materials for realizing and studying these complex quantum phenomena.
  • Further research into related systems holds promise for discovering new quantum phases and functionalities.