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Area of Science:

  • Nursing Science
  • Clinical Care Research

Background:

  • Conceptual models and theories provide frameworks for understanding phenomena in clinical nursing and interdisciplinary care.
  • These models aid in literature reviews, formulating research variables, and identifying research gaps.
  • Existing symptom models include the Theory of Symptom Management, Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms, Symptoms Experience Model, and Symptom Experiences in Time Theory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing conceptual models and theories in clinical nursing and interdisciplinary care.
  • To highlight the importance of these models in guiding research and identifying knowledge gaps.
  • To introduce the National Institutes of Health Symptom Science Model as a recent advancement.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing conceptual models and theories in nursing.
  • Analysis of the role of these models in research design and literature synthesis.
  • Identification and discussion of prominent symptom management and experience models.

Main Results:

  • Conceptual models serve as essential tools for organizing knowledge and directing research efforts.
  • A range of symptom theories and models have been developed over time to explain symptom phenomena.
  • The National Institutes of Health Symptom Science Model represents a contemporary framework for advancing symptom science.

Conclusions:

  • Conceptual models are crucial for advancing nursing science and clinical practice by providing explanatory and predictive frameworks.
  • The evolution of symptom models reflects a growing understanding of symptom complexity and its management.
  • The NIH Symptom Science Model offers a promising direction for future symptom research and intervention development.