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The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
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The abdominal wall encircles the abdominal cavity, providing flexible protection and shielding the internal organs from harm. It is bordered at the top by the xiphoid process and costal margins, at the back by the vertebral column, and at the bottom by the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament. The abdominal wall is divided into two regions — the anterolateral and posterior regions.
Anterolateral Region
The anterolateral region comprises five paired muscles classified into the lateral and...
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The thigh's motion is primarily governed by muscles originating in the pelvic girdle and inserted into the femur. One crucial muscle, the iliopsoas, is a combination of the psoas major and the iliacus muscles, sharing a common insertion point on the lesser trochanter of the femur.
Three other significant muscles are the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus. The gluteus maximus originates from the posterior surface of the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx, and the thoracolumbar...
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The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
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To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians typically use imaginary lines to categorize the abdominopelvic cavity into either four quadrants or nine regions to identify organs in the cavity.
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

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The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Posterior Approach for Debridement of the Psoas Abscess
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A Pain in the Psoas.

Charlotte M H Moriarty1, Robert J Baker2

  • 1Orthopedics Rhode Island, Wakefield, Rhode Island.

Sports Health
|August 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A psoas abscess, a rare cause of groin pain in athletes, can lead to septic shock. Early diagnosis and imaging are crucial for prompt treatment and recovery, even in cases without typical risk factors.

Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Infectious Disease
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Psoas abscesses are uncommon causes of hip, low back, or groin pain in athletes.
  • Symptoms are often nonspecific, mimicking other conditions like septic hip arthritis or appendicitis.
  • Delayed diagnosis can lead to severe complications, including septic shock and mortality.

Observation:

  • A 19-year-old Division 1 football player presented with severe right groin pain, fever, and fatigue after an injury.
  • He rapidly progressed to septic shock with multisystem organ dysfunction.
  • Imaging confirmed an abscess in the right iliopsoas compartment.

Findings:

  • This case represents a rare instance of a psoas abscess in an athlete with acute hip flexor strain.
Keywords:
hip flexor strainiliopsoaspsoas abscess

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  • The athlete had no identifiable risk factors for psoas abscess.
  • Prompt diagnosis via imaging and appropriate treatment led to full recovery and return to sport.

    • Implications:

    • Highlights the importance of a broad differential diagnosis for athletes with post-injury pain.
    • Emphasizes the need for high clinical suspicion and timely imaging for psoas abscess diagnosis.
    • Underscores the critical role of accurate diagnosis and management in preventing life-threatening complications in athletes.