Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

10.5K
Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
10.5K
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

13.6K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
13.6K
Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

7.8K
Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
7.8K
Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

5.9K
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
5.9K
Protein Transport into the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:34

Protein Transport into the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

5.1K
Nuclear encoded mitochondrial precursors are imported to the inner membrane in a multistep process involving two separate translocons, TIM22 and TIM23. TIM23 is a cation-selective pore that remains closed by the N terminal segment of the protein. Negative charges on the TIM23 act as a receptor for the incoming precursor, pulling the positively charged matrix-targeting sequence for peptide insertion and translocation.
Transport of mitochondrial precursors across the TIM23 channel is driven by...
5.1K
Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER01:28

Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER

4.4K
Biological membranes are more than just a barrier separating cell cytoplasm from the outside environment. They are highly dynamic and help maintain the integrity and physiological stability of the cells as well as membrane-bound organelles. Membranes also play vital roles in cell-to-cell and intracellular communication.
A large chunk of any biological membrane is composed of phospholipids. These lipids have a heterogeneous distribution across different subcellular organelles and even between...
4.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Vitamin C appears harmful in patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest treated in the intensive care unit.

Intensive care medicine·2026
Same author

Limiting neurodegeneration in ALS: A phosphatase paves the way.

Neuron·2026
Same author

Mitochondria limit coenzyme Q export under cholesterol biosynthetic stress.

The Journal of cell biology·2026
Same author

Regional citrate anticoagulation for renal replacement therapy during venovenous ECMO: A randomized crossover pilot study.

Annals of intensive care·2026
Same author

MTCH2 promotes BAX and BAK self-assembly and apoptotic pore growth.

Nature structural & molecular biology·2026
Same author

Proteolytic control of mitochondrial protein translocases.

Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society·2026
Same journal

HSF4 promotes lipid peroxidation by transcriptionally regulating ALOX15 during lens terminal differentiation.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum to "Inducible beige adipocytes improve impaired glucose metabolism in interscapular BAT-removal mice" [Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids 1866 (2021) 158871].

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids·2026
Same journal

Caveolin-2 knockout suppresses the formation and progression of oral leukoplakia via lipid metabolism disruption.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids·2026
Same journal

Lipid droplet isolation as a novel platform for spectroscopic investigation of cargo modifications.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids·2026
Same journal

Maternal vitamin A deficiency programs offspring visceral hypersensitivity through RARβ-COX-2/PGE2 signaling.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids·2026
Same journal

Inositol biosynthesis is inversely regulated by glycolytic activity.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes
08:49

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes

Published on: March 14, 2021

4.7K

Intramitochondrial phospholipid trafficking.

Takashi Tatsuta1, Thomas Langer2

  • 1Institute of Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids
|August 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondria require specific lipids, like cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine, maintained by lipid transport proteins. These proteins, including the Ups/PRELI family, ensure mitochondrial structure and function by managing lipid distribution.

Keywords:
CardiolipinCristaeLipid transfer proteinsMembrane contact sitesMitochondriaUps/PRELI

More Related Videos

Studying Membrane Protein Trafficking in Drosophila Photoreceptor Cells Using eGFP-Tagged Proteins
10:20

Studying Membrane Protein Trafficking in Drosophila Photoreceptor Cells Using eGFP-Tagged Proteins

Published on: January 21, 2022

3.4K
Author Spotlight: Image-Based Methods to Study Membrane Trafficking Events in Stomatal Lineage Cells
11:31

Author Spotlight: Image-Based Methods to Study Membrane Trafficking Events in Stomatal Lineage Cells

Published on: May 12, 2023

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes
08:49

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes

Published on: March 14, 2021

4.7K
Studying Membrane Protein Trafficking in Drosophila Photoreceptor Cells Using eGFP-Tagged Proteins
10:20

Studying Membrane Protein Trafficking in Drosophila Photoreceptor Cells Using eGFP-Tagged Proteins

Published on: January 21, 2022

3.4K
Author Spotlight: Image-Based Methods to Study Membrane Trafficking Events in Stomatal Lineage Cells
11:31

Author Spotlight: Image-Based Methods to Study Membrane Trafficking Events in Stomatal Lineage Cells

Published on: May 12, 2023

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Mitochondrial biology and lipid biochemistry.
  • Cellular membrane dynamics and lipid homeostasis.

Background:

  • Mitochondrial membranes (outer and inner) depend on a precise lipid composition, notably non-bilayer phospholipids like cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE).
  • Mitochondrial lipids are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or within mitochondria from ER-derived precursors and exhibit asymmetric distribution and stress-induced relocation.
  • Maintaining mitochondrial lipid homeostasis necessitates coordinated lipid transport mechanisms within the organelle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of specific lipid transfer proteins in mitochondrial lipid transport.
  • To elucidate the interplay between lipid transport, homeostasis, and mitochondrial structural organization.
  • To discuss the function of Ups/PRELI family proteins in shuttling phospholipids between mitochondrial membranes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent findings on mitochondrial lipid transport mechanisms.
  • Identification and characterization of Ups/PRELI family members as mitochondrial lipid transfer proteins.
  • Analysis of the cooperation between lipid transfer proteins and membrane organizing proteins.

Main Results:

  • Ups/PRELI family proteins identified as specific lipid transfer proteins facilitating phospholipid transport between mitochondrial membranes.
  • These proteins collaborate with membrane organizing proteins to maintain mitochondrial membrane spatial organization.
  • Demonstration of a crosstalk between mitochondrial lipid transport/homeostasis and the structural organization of mitochondria, including membrane contact sites.

Conclusions:

  • The Ups/PRELI family plays a crucial role in mitochondrial lipid transport, essential for maintaining lipid homeostasis.
  • Cooperation between lipid transfer proteins and membrane organizers is vital for preserving mitochondrial architecture.
  • These findings reveal a significant link between lipid dynamics and the structural integrity of mitochondria.