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Cognitive Motor Interference in Multiple Sclerosis: Insights From a Systematic Quantitative Review.

Yvonne C Learmonth1, Ipek Ensari1, Robert W Motl2

  • 1Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.

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Cognitive motor interference (CMI) shows minimal differences between individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls. Specific cognitive tasks reveal significant variations in CMI, highlighting a nuanced impact of MS on dual-tasking abilities.

Keywords:
Meta-analysisMultiple sclerosisRehabilitationReview

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Science
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Cognitive motor interference (CMI) describes the impact of cognitive tasks on motor performance.
  • Understanding CMI in multiple sclerosis (MS) is crucial for assessing daily functioning and fall risk.
  • Previous research suggests potential alterations in CMI in individuals with MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze existing evidence on CMI differences between individuals with and without MS.
  • To quantify the overall effect size of CMI in MS.
  • To explore potential moderating effects of different cognitive and motor tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across multiple databases (EMBASE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science).
  • Inclusion of 13 experimental studies after abstract screening and full-text review.
  • Meta-analysis of extracted data using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool for study quality assessment.

Main Results:

  • A small, nonsignificant overall effect size (ES = 0.08) was found for CMI differences between MS and control groups.
  • Moderator analysis revealed significant differences in CMI for specific cognitive tasks, particularly verbal fluency (ES = 0.66).
  • No significant differences in CMI were observed for different motor tasks (mobility vs. postural).

Conclusions:

  • Overall, there is minimal evidence of a difference in cognitive motor interference between individuals with and without MS.
  • Specific cognitive demands, such as verbal fluency, appear to elicit more pronounced CMI in individuals with MS.
  • These findings suggest a complex interplay between cognitive function, motor control, and MS.