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Teratogenicity

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...

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Related Experiment Video

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Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus

Published on: November 6, 2014

Can we predict orofacial cleft in future pregnancy?

J Malova, T Braxatorisova, J Luha

Bratislavske Lekarske Listy

|August 23, 2016

Summary

Orofacial clefts in fetuses are frequently linked to skeletal, neural tube, and abdominal wall defects. Cytogenetic analysis helps determine the cause of miscarriages and offers prognosis for future pregnancies.

Keywords:

associated abnormalities.cleft lip cleft lip and palate cleft palate

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Area of Science:

Developmental biology
Medical genetics
Teratology

Background:

Orofacial clefts are common birth defects.
A significant portion of orofacial clefts are associated with chromosomal abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the frequency and types of orofacial clefts.
To identify associated developmental and chromosomal abnormalities.
To establish the sex of embryos/fetuses with orofacial clefts.

Main Methods:

Retrospective morphological and cytogenetic study.
Analysis of 43 cases from miscarriages and premature births (1992-2014).

Main Results:

Associated abnormalities were found in 34 cases, including skeletal anomalies (29), neural tube defects (24), and abdominal wall defects (9).
Chromosomal aberrations were identified in 32% of cases with successful cultivation.
The R III group exhibited the highest rate of associated anomalies (93.3%).

Conclusions:

Isolated clefts did not show a higher risk of chromosomal aberrations in this study.
Early embryonic/fetal age (43 days to 12 weeks) may hinder diagnosis of some associated defects.
Morphological and cytogenetic analysis aids in identifying etiologic factors for miscarriages and provides prognostic information for future pregnancies.